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what is the vanishing and appearance

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sources during a century of observations

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really about

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well

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let me be clear it's about et we want to

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find dt and et and extraterrestrials

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have been

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the motivator for

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uh our searches

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although we don't only do searches for

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et we we have a little bit of this

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policy of that whatever we find we will

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publish even if it's conventional

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astronomical phenomena we will publish

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so traditionally

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um

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there have been

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very few ways to look for et

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and

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people have been thinking so why should

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we look for them because we don't know

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if they exist we have we don't have any

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signature nothing that would indicate

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that any other civilization

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is out there well i'm just going to

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remind about that there are like 200 to

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300 billion of stars just in our milky

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way our own galaxy

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and there's about 400 billion galaxies

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just in the observable universe

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and we know that

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like

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it's maybe

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as much as 50 of all stellar systems

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have our earth like planets orbiting

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so we have very many candidate planets

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that could be um hosting some type of

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civilization or some more primitive life

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so i think there are good reasons to

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look for it

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traditionally

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most of these searches have been done in

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radio i don't know if many of you have

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seen this movie called contact that is a

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wonderful movie

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about a researcher that is looking for

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et with a radio telescope

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it's a great method except for

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that it's very very costly because you

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need to

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search for or

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you need to observe the same star during

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years and years

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of time

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and you don't know which one of all

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these stars that you're looking for is

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going to actually cost that life that

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intelligent life that could be

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transmitting clear-cut radio signals

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now there are other ways of doing that

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too

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for instance

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anomalies and when you search for

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anomalies you might actually not find it

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but you might find something else

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let's say when one first and discovered

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[Music]

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the first quasar is the 3c 273 that is

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here depicted on the image in the middle

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so a quasar is a supermassive black hole

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that is accreting lots of gas and emits

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lots lots of luminous

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um very very strong light from the

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center

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and when one first saw it once one

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thought it was a star and then one

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started taking a spectre of the star i

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said something is wrong with this star

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this star looks like it's not in our

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galaxy

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and this is how finding an anomaly led

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to a really important discovery we

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discovered these super accreting black

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holes

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in this way

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so that's one example

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another example is that the one one

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discovered the posters

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uh in astronomy one first thought

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this this looks like aliens someone said

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because it looks like periodic radio

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signals coming from these weird stars

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and

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well one discovered a new type of

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objects it wasn't easy the time either

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but it was super interesting and it led

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to a nobel prize

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and another object you might have read a

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lot about in the media is tabistar which

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is a star that has been doing some weird

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very slow type of dimming in the last

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hundred years

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and so far

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nobody knows what is causing this

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dimming really one thing is some type of

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dust but when it was discovered in 2016

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the first thought was

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could it be some type of mega structure

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some big alien structures

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like

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we don't know yet but

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we are still going to find out no

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signal of et has been found there yet

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and finally i think many of you have

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heard about the omoamoa object

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that

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has been figuring a lot in the media in

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the last two years

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uh where some people

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propose that this could actually be a

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space rocket and not a natural object

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and uh

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we again ask is it aliens it might be so

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that it's aliens this time or it will

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turn out to be some type of new anomaly

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that we will learn from so looking for

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anomalies is our really good start

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and even if we don't find it we can find

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something else

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so now in the vasco project we are

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interested in

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anomalies but we are not only interested

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in anomalies

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uh we were thinking about that how about

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if you look for something that would be

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absolutely impossible

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something that would look like magic in

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in the eyes of us physicists that would

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say like no that cannot happen naturally

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and

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maybe we can target our searches to look

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for this magic

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in

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big sets of data

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because if you find something you either

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find a new astrophysical phenomena that

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will kill some dogma and you're happy

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or you actually might find that

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technology that you're looking for

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and this is is the basics for the vasco

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project where we are actually focusing

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our searches on vanishing stars

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because we know that if a star dies

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either it

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like explodes in a bright supernova or

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it's during billions of years fades into

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a

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collection

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we're comparing images from the 1950s

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before any satellites were in the sky

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when our sky was completely without any

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human contamination we compared these

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images from the 50s with images from how

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how the star

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the sky looks today

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and we collect all this data we look we

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compare the images and

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the catalogs and we see has something

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vanished possibly

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and with that we are actually finding a

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lot of natural objects

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natural so-called transients transient

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is a transit is an event that is very

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short in astronomy let's say a supernova

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or um

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so-called gamma reverse sun something

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that lasts for just a few minutes and

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you see it

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so we collect a lot of natural

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transients by by doing this and we also

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collect a lot of

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transients let's say quasars that are

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having some type of variability that can

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last for years

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so these are the natural things that we

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collect but we also

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hope to find so-called dyson spheres

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um around stars where let's say a

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civilization might have built a shell

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around the star and gradually it themes

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and we hope to find maybe some vanishing

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star that has been

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um manipulated through stellar

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engineering or even appearing stars

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i i'm

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i'm very proud of to say that this image

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of the green little

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aliens was actually published in an

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astronomical journal i never expected it

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to happen but we got it published with

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so yes this is what we all are looking

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for and we collect all of this stuff and

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we hope that to eventually find this

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so

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scientific opportunities yes there are

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some people who say that according to a

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few theories certain stars within a very

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defined mass range might collapse

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directly into black holes

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nobody knows if these theories are

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correct

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and we know that it's extremely unlikely

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that it will happen in the milky way

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so

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be equally cool for us as well because

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that would um bring a lot of light to

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supernova

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physics

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and as i also mentioned the quasars

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which is my other research field

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and these super massive accreting black

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holes

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um

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one can also find some of them that show

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long-term variability

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things would be fantastic in order to

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actually know

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like dismiss and reject a lot of

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current theories about

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the engine of the quasars because i can

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say that there's a very poor

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understanding of the engine so far so

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even if we find this we will do

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we will get something nice out of it

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so our first official paper there was

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one more earlier but the official paper

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was in

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2020 and we found 150 000 candidates

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just based on the text

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and catalogues

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and the problem was that with these 150

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000 of images one had to look through

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them one by one by eye

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looking through 150 000 images by eye is

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not an easy task i looked through 24 000

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it took three months lots of chocolates

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i lost one and i i got one dietary more

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in my

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myopia

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and

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what we when i looked through 24 000 of

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objects i found 100 unusual transients

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that were very short

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and i did not find any clear candidate

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of a vanishing star so far but

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um it was an interesting start

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here i show examples of the things that

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i found when i look through the 24 000

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of the

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candidates

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you see here are beautiful

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objects in the image from the 1950 this

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is a red image and it's not there later

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this is another

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time in the 80s

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here we have it in 2005 and 2015. so you

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only see that event in

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here's another example you see something

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here

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in the 50s you don't see it as much but

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it still is seen in the 80s

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and hundreds of these type of

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events were found

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and we think that they are

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natural astrophysical phenomena although

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we don't know yet what they are because

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we need to do follow-up observations

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and

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to explore all the other ones we started

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up a citizen science projects and that

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was has has been done together with

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machine learning scientists

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image analysis researchers actually

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game developers and astronomers

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and we have introduced the first 150 000

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of candidates that were purely based on

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so

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here is how it looks and if you want to

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see the citizen science project you can

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00:11:04,310 --> 00:11:01,120
go here it has a random number generator

291
00:11:05,670 --> 00:11:04,320
currently that is spitting out a mission

292
00:11:07,430 --> 00:11:05,680
number and

293
00:11:09,590 --> 00:11:07,440
there's also an ai

294
00:11:12,389 --> 00:11:09,600
and eventually the ai is supposed to

295
00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:12,399
replace the random number generator once

296
00:11:17,590 --> 00:11:14,800
it has trained enough on enough many

297
00:11:20,790 --> 00:11:18,389
and

298
00:11:23,430 --> 00:11:20,800
in order to do the projects even more

299
00:11:25,590 --> 00:11:23,440
interesting we are collaborating with

300
00:11:27,350 --> 00:11:25,600
several schools in institutes and

301
00:11:30,230 --> 00:11:27,360
amateur associations

302
00:11:32,230 --> 00:11:30,240
um with in african countries in

303
00:11:33,509 --> 00:11:32,240
particular in nigeria cameroon and

304
00:11:35,509 --> 00:11:33,519
algeria

305
00:11:37,590 --> 00:11:35,519
and we hope to implement the vasco

306
00:11:39,350 --> 00:11:37,600
project as a part of the education there

307
00:11:41,910 --> 00:11:39,360
so that we know that even if we don't

308
00:11:42,949 --> 00:11:41,920
find et we hope that we can inspire many

309
00:11:45,670 --> 00:11:42,959
of these

310
00:11:49,190 --> 00:11:45,680
young african astronomers astronomers

311
00:11:53,590 --> 00:11:52,310
so that's a side thing we do

312
00:11:56,790 --> 00:11:53,600
so far

313
00:11:58,870 --> 00:11:56,800
out of the 150 000 objects we have 114

314
00:12:00,790 --> 00:11:58,880
000 classifications

315
00:12:02,470 --> 00:12:00,800
and you can see here a timeline when it

316
00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:02,480
started when the project started last

317
00:12:07,509 --> 00:12:05,360
year it started very slowly then things

318
00:12:09,430 --> 00:12:07,519
started being a little bit more visible

319
00:12:11,269 --> 00:12:09,440
then i gave a talk at the seti institute

320
00:12:13,590 --> 00:12:11,279
and you see a big peak here

321
00:12:17,350 --> 00:12:13,600
well it

322
00:12:19,670 --> 00:12:17,360
right now we have 1 800 candidates

323
00:12:22,949 --> 00:12:19,680
roughly that are marked as vanished that

324
00:12:24,710 --> 00:12:22,959
we have to look through and double check

325
00:12:26,790 --> 00:12:24,720
so that's the status of our citizen

326
00:12:29,190 --> 00:12:26,800
science project we actually also have

327
00:12:30,230 --> 00:12:29,200
automatized searches and by the end of

328
00:12:33,030 --> 00:12:30,240
september

329
00:12:35,430 --> 00:12:33,040
we will have a automatized answer to

330
00:12:37,190 --> 00:12:35,440
whether there are any vanishing stars

331
00:12:38,949 --> 00:12:37,200
so it's all happening right now all the

332
00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:38,959
results are coming in in the last months

333
00:12:43,110 --> 00:12:41,920
and it's very exciting

334
00:12:43,990 --> 00:12:43,120
so

335
00:12:51,350 --> 00:12:44,000
we

336
00:12:53,190 --> 00:12:51,360
and that is actually what i mainly would

337
00:12:54,069 --> 00:12:53,200
like to tell you about

338
00:12:55,829 --> 00:12:54,079
so

339
00:12:57,590 --> 00:12:55,839
this is a paper that was published two

340
00:13:00,310 --> 00:12:57,600
months ago

341
00:13:01,590 --> 00:13:00,320
in nature's scientific reports

342
00:13:03,040 --> 00:13:01,600
and

343
00:13:04,389 --> 00:13:03,050
the paper got

344
00:13:06,870 --> 00:13:04,399
[Music]

345
00:13:08,790 --> 00:13:06,880
a lot of both

346
00:13:11,190 --> 00:13:08,800
unusual attention we can say it like

347
00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:11,200
that due to several factors

348
00:13:13,910 --> 00:13:12,160
and

349
00:13:16,069 --> 00:13:13,920
there were some cancelling on social

350
00:13:18,069 --> 00:13:16,079
media and there were some

351
00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:18,079
very excited astronomers it really

352
00:13:23,190 --> 00:13:21,120
lifted all kind of emotions

353
00:13:24,790 --> 00:13:23,200
and

354
00:13:28,069 --> 00:13:24,800
it's called exploring nine

355
00:13:30,069 --> 00:13:28,079
simultaneously occurring transients

356
00:13:31,350 --> 00:13:30,079
i'm going to show you an image

357
00:13:32,829 --> 00:13:31,360
you see here

358
00:13:35,990 --> 00:13:32,839
and

359
00:13:38,710 --> 00:13:36,000
nine well it's basically

360
00:13:40,949 --> 00:13:38,720
nine objects

361
00:13:42,550 --> 00:13:40,959
it looks like normal stars let me show a

362
00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:42,560
little bit clearer

363
00:13:46,230 --> 00:13:44,160
uh like if you look at the light

364
00:13:49,189 --> 00:13:46,240
profiles of these objects the black one

365
00:13:51,189 --> 00:13:49,199
is of a typical normal star how the

366
00:13:52,550 --> 00:13:51,199
brightness falls off

367
00:13:55,590 --> 00:13:52,560
as a measure of the distance from the

368
00:13:58,230 --> 00:13:55,600
center and all these objects just look

369
00:13:59,990 --> 00:13:58,240
like normal stars

370
00:14:02,310 --> 00:14:00,000
now if you have

371
00:14:03,430 --> 00:14:02,320
a very like careful look you're going to

372
00:14:06,389 --> 00:14:03,440
discover

373
00:14:13,350 --> 00:14:08,310
that there's a tiny problem

374
00:14:17,509 --> 00:14:15,269
they were there in 1950 they are no

375
00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:17,519
longer there in 1996 and this is a small

376
00:14:21,670 --> 00:14:19,920
region of the sky

377
00:14:24,150 --> 00:14:21,680
i actually unfortunately included some

378
00:14:26,069 --> 00:14:24,160
digita this is actually i haven't marked

379
00:14:27,829 --> 00:14:26,079
it here but this is not a real star

380
00:14:30,310 --> 00:14:27,839
unfortunately and neither are those

381
00:14:31,990 --> 00:14:30,320
these are digital uh scanning artifacts

382
00:14:33,509 --> 00:14:32,000
i forgot to mark them

383
00:14:36,069 --> 00:14:33,519
sorry for that

384
00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:36,079
anyway nine of these objects are there

385
00:14:43,110 --> 00:14:40,480
in 1950 but not in 1996.

386
00:14:45,110 --> 00:14:43,120
and if you start comparing you see that

387
00:14:47,189 --> 00:14:45,120
six days later these nine objects

388
00:14:49,110 --> 00:14:47,199
weren't there and you if you look at it

389
00:14:50,069 --> 00:14:49,120
half an hour earlier they also weren't

390
00:14:53,110 --> 00:14:50,079
there

391
00:14:54,069 --> 00:14:53,120
which is really really weird

392
00:14:55,110 --> 00:14:54,079
so

393
00:14:58,230 --> 00:14:55,120
we first

394
00:14:59,910 --> 00:14:58,240
as a first intuitive exploration we use

395
00:15:02,790 --> 00:14:59,920
the grand telescopic canaries which is a

396
00:15:04,550 --> 00:15:02,800
10.4 meter telescope trying to see okay

397
00:15:05,990 --> 00:15:04,560
if there were stars there

398
00:15:08,069 --> 00:15:06,000
have they possibly vanished is there

399
00:15:10,870 --> 00:15:08,079
something at the spot

400
00:15:12,550 --> 00:15:10,880
and we got really deep images

401
00:15:14,629 --> 00:15:12,560
for some things we found something on

402
00:15:16,629 --> 00:15:14,639
the place for others not

403
00:15:19,030 --> 00:15:16,639
and we kind of looked at this to this

404
00:15:21,509 --> 00:15:19,040
gtc you see here there are much higher

405
00:15:23,509 --> 00:15:21,519
resolution images that are modern

406
00:15:24,949 --> 00:15:23,519
70 years later

407
00:15:27,990 --> 00:15:24,959
and

408
00:15:29,350 --> 00:15:28,000
we kind of concluded that

409
00:15:30,790 --> 00:15:29,360
maybe

410
00:15:32,550 --> 00:15:30,800
those that had some kind of counter

411
00:15:34,710 --> 00:15:32,560
posture were just chance projections it

412
00:15:36,550 --> 00:15:34,720
could be that it was just if you if you

413
00:15:38,310 --> 00:15:36,560
have a really

414
00:15:40,310 --> 00:15:38,320
high resolution images you will always

415
00:15:42,069 --> 00:15:40,320
find some type of some background stars

416
00:15:43,430 --> 00:15:42,079
it doesn't mean that they are physically

417
00:15:45,350 --> 00:15:43,440
connected

418
00:15:49,350 --> 00:15:45,360
so we suddenly have a problem what are

419
00:15:52,550 --> 00:15:50,310
and

420
00:15:54,550 --> 00:15:52,560
we have taken a look at astrophysical

421
00:15:57,189 --> 00:15:54,560
reasons and there's absolutely not a

422
00:16:00,069 --> 00:15:57,199
single astrophy physical explanation to

423
00:16:01,749 --> 00:16:00,079
having so many of transients that happen

424
00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:01,759
in a small region of the sky at the same

425
00:16:06,310 --> 00:16:04,240
time there's just no way

426
00:16:09,430 --> 00:16:06,320
pure astrophysically because the density

427
00:16:11,269 --> 00:16:09,440
is too high

428
00:16:12,790 --> 00:16:11,279
and so we started looking at different

429
00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:12,800
instrumental issues we were thinking

430
00:16:17,189 --> 00:16:14,959
could it be that the images have a

431
00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:17,199
different spectral sensitivity but no

432
00:16:21,110 --> 00:16:18,800
because we actually had

433
00:16:22,790 --> 00:16:21,120
we could compare it with the image taken

434
00:16:24,710 --> 00:16:22,800
with the same instrumentation 16 minutes

435
00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:24,720
later we're wondering it could be some

436
00:16:30,150 --> 00:16:27,680
type of ghost image no because the

437
00:16:31,829 --> 00:16:30,160
stars had just two perfects and

438
00:16:33,749 --> 00:16:31,839
brightness profiles

439
00:16:35,590 --> 00:16:33,759
could it be a double exposure we did a

440
00:16:37,269 --> 00:16:35,600
few tests and it seems we cannot exclude

441
00:16:38,470 --> 00:16:37,279
it but it seems quite unlikely or very

442
00:16:40,470 --> 00:16:38,480
unlikely

443
00:16:42,949 --> 00:16:40,480
emotion problems again we have the

444
00:16:44,629 --> 00:16:42,959
problem of that all these objects have

445
00:16:47,269 --> 00:16:44,639
very star-like

446
00:16:49,430 --> 00:16:47,279
um profiles now again it should be nine

447
00:16:51,269 --> 00:16:49,440
star-like defects not twelve because we

448
00:16:53,350 --> 00:16:51,279
found out later that's three out of 12

449
00:16:55,749 --> 00:16:53,360
were scanning artifacts

450
00:16:57,670 --> 00:16:55,759
cosmic rays they are not a problem for

451
00:17:01,269 --> 00:16:57,680
photographic plates in the same way as

452
00:17:02,069 --> 00:17:01,279
they are for modern ccds

453
00:17:06,630 --> 00:17:02,079
so

454
00:17:08,470 --> 00:17:06,640
another like

455
00:17:11,110 --> 00:17:08,480
and so then we started getting more

456
00:17:14,710 --> 00:17:11,120
desperate our referee asked could it be

457
00:17:17,029 --> 00:17:14,720
that someone sneezed on the plates

458
00:17:20,390 --> 00:17:17,039
so then we had i had to open some kobe

459
00:17:22,710 --> 00:17:20,400
19 articles look at the

460
00:17:25,829 --> 00:17:22,720
other profiles of um

461
00:17:28,309 --> 00:17:25,839
of water and saliva and you see that

462
00:17:30,070 --> 00:17:28,319
saliva does not give perfect round

463
00:17:32,310 --> 00:17:30,080
shapes as you can see here they give

464
00:17:34,789 --> 00:17:32,320
elongated forms and all kinds of things

465
00:17:37,110 --> 00:17:34,799
different distributions of sizes no

466
00:17:39,029 --> 00:17:37,120
nobody sneeze on the blades

467
00:17:39,909 --> 00:17:39,039
so we now call it

468
00:17:42,310 --> 00:17:39,919
um

469
00:17:44,390 --> 00:17:42,320
unknown condemnation

470
00:17:46,470 --> 00:17:44,400
one hypothesis that we had is that it

471
00:17:48,470 --> 00:17:46,480
could be nuclear fallout

472
00:17:50,789 --> 00:17:48,480
because nuclear fallout can give

473
00:17:52,390 --> 00:17:50,799
actually these beautiful round spots on

474
00:17:54,950 --> 00:17:52,400
x-ray film

475
00:17:57,190 --> 00:17:54,960
now i don't know if the red emotions

476
00:17:58,789 --> 00:17:57,200
from the 1950s were sensitive to the

477
00:18:00,789 --> 00:17:58,799
x-ray film

478
00:18:04,150 --> 00:18:00,799
there's just one problem

479
00:18:07,510 --> 00:18:04,160
um in the place where the the pal at the

480
00:18:09,669 --> 00:18:07,520
in the region um um it's called near the

481
00:18:12,310 --> 00:18:09,679
palomar observatory there were no

482
00:18:14,789 --> 00:18:12,320
nuclear bomb tests actually after in

483
00:18:16,950 --> 00:18:14,799
general in u.s one didn't do any nuclear

484
00:18:18,870 --> 00:18:16,960
bomb tests in that year

485
00:18:20,549 --> 00:18:18,880
and 199

486
00:18:23,669 --> 00:18:20,559
there were no official bomb tests

487
00:18:25,029 --> 00:18:23,679
between 1949 to 1951

488
00:18:26,830 --> 00:18:25,039
and

489
00:18:29,750 --> 00:18:26,840
so one can of course question whether

490
00:18:31,430 --> 00:18:29,760
the yeah well the official lists are

491
00:18:33,350 --> 00:18:31,440
complete or not

492
00:18:35,510 --> 00:18:33,360
and the second problem is of course also

493
00:18:36,470 --> 00:18:35,520
that we are seeing more of these events

494
00:18:38,549 --> 00:18:36,480
in a

495
00:18:40,070 --> 00:18:38,559
confined region of the photographic

496
00:18:41,669 --> 00:18:40,080
plates

497
00:18:43,110 --> 00:18:41,679
while maybe this contamination from

498
00:18:44,470 --> 00:18:43,120
nuclear pumps would have been all over

499
00:18:46,230 --> 00:18:44,480
the place

500
00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:46,240
so

501
00:18:50,070 --> 00:18:47,600
i don't know

502
00:18:52,630 --> 00:18:50,080
we call it that it might be some type

503
00:18:53,990 --> 00:18:52,640
unknown type of contamination

504
00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:54,000
however

505
00:18:57,990 --> 00:18:56,080
we also started thinking of a different

506
00:18:59,510 --> 00:18:58,000
possibility

507
00:19:01,669 --> 00:18:59,520
if you would use exactly the same

508
00:19:03,110 --> 00:19:01,679
instrumentation today

509
00:19:06,310 --> 00:19:03,120
and uh

510
00:19:07,510 --> 00:19:06,320
like same instrumentation and look uh at

511
00:19:09,350 --> 00:19:07,520
the sky

512
00:19:11,029 --> 00:19:09,360
you actually could find this type of

513
00:19:12,789 --> 00:19:11,039
multiple transitions

514
00:19:14,070 --> 00:19:12,799
in a small region you would find it

515
00:19:15,830 --> 00:19:14,080
quite often

516
00:19:19,430 --> 00:19:15,840
and why is it so well because today we

517
00:19:20,950 --> 00:19:19,440
had we have a lot of satellites a lot of

518
00:19:22,870 --> 00:19:20,960
space debris

519
00:19:25,270 --> 00:19:22,880
in fact most of the times when you think

520
00:19:27,830 --> 00:19:25,280
that you observe a very fast flash from

521
00:19:29,750 --> 00:19:27,840
the sky it's just a solar reflection of

522
00:19:32,310 --> 00:19:29,760
a satellite or debris

523
00:19:34,310 --> 00:19:32,320
and that comes from small it can be a

524
00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:34,320
small object even just

525
00:19:39,190 --> 00:19:36,320
centimeters or tens of centimeters in

526
00:19:41,909 --> 00:19:39,200
size and that create this very fast

527
00:19:43,750 --> 00:19:41,919
transient like events

528
00:19:46,549 --> 00:19:43,760
however

529
00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:46,559
um no glint should be observed before

530
00:19:51,669 --> 00:19:49,360
1963 when the first

531
00:19:54,070 --> 00:19:51,679
satellite was launched high enough to

532
00:19:57,029 --> 00:19:54,080
reach us geosynchronous orbits

533
00:19:59,270 --> 00:19:57,039
also the first satellite was in 1957

534
00:20:00,710 --> 00:19:59,280
so theoretically we shouldn't be able to

535
00:20:01,909 --> 00:20:00,720
observe this kind of

536
00:20:04,710 --> 00:20:01,919
events

537
00:20:06,789 --> 00:20:04,720
because our image is from 1950

538
00:20:08,549 --> 00:20:06,799
we still ask the question

539
00:20:10,950 --> 00:20:08,559
and uh which

540
00:20:12,549 --> 00:20:10,960
leads us to the kind of conclusion that

541
00:20:14,149 --> 00:20:12,559
we're either dealing with some type of

542
00:20:15,830 --> 00:20:14,159
unknown contamination that we couldn't

543
00:20:17,750 --> 00:20:15,840
at all pinpoint

544
00:20:20,390 --> 00:20:17,760
or possibly we are

545
00:20:22,789 --> 00:20:20,400
observing something that could

546
00:20:25,990 --> 00:20:22,799
indicate that some type of artificial

547
00:20:27,750 --> 00:20:26,000
objects in high orbit already in 1950

548
00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:27,760
in order to test the latter scenario

549
00:20:31,270 --> 00:20:29,760
we're going to look for

550
00:20:32,230 --> 00:20:31,280
this type of image is something that

551
00:20:35,510 --> 00:20:32,240
would be

552
00:20:37,590 --> 00:20:35,520
a much clearer signature of metal or

553
00:20:40,149 --> 00:20:37,600
glass or something reflective

554
00:20:42,789 --> 00:20:40,159
in these images in 1950

555
00:20:45,430 --> 00:20:42,799
and we are doing these touches right now

556
00:20:47,190 --> 00:20:45,440
i estimate that we will be we will have

557
00:20:49,430 --> 00:20:47,200
our answer within a few months since we

558
00:20:51,190 --> 00:20:49,440
already have all these citizen science

559
00:20:53,590 --> 00:20:51,200
results and all the results from the

560
00:20:55,909 --> 00:20:53,600
automatized sky scan

561
00:20:57,909 --> 00:20:55,919
since all of this is already

562
00:20:59,990 --> 00:20:57,919
well in progress to be finished it will

563
00:21:02,789 --> 00:21:00,000
just take a few months extra to search

564
00:21:04,950 --> 00:21:02,799
for this very clear signatures of metal

565
00:21:06,149 --> 00:21:04,960
in high orbits

566
00:21:08,870 --> 00:21:06,159
and

567
00:21:11,750 --> 00:21:08,880
with this i think i'm finishing the talk

568
00:21:13,990 --> 00:21:11,760
i have shown you our latest results from

569
00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:14,000
the vasco projects and

570
00:21:23,110 --> 00:21:17,600
our ongoing mystery and with the nine

571
00:21:27,270 --> 00:21:25,110
and for people who are

572
00:21:31,029 --> 00:21:27,280
excited about what astronomers can you

573
00:21:33,590 --> 00:21:31,039
do with ufos i have also recently joined

574
00:21:35,430 --> 00:21:33,600
abbey leups galileo projects

575
00:21:37,190 --> 00:21:35,440
that some of you might have heard about

576
00:21:38,310 --> 00:21:37,200
where they are planning to do a data

577
00:21:39,190 --> 00:21:38,320
driven

578
00:21:41,510 --> 00:21:39,200
uh

579
00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:41,520
and observational approach to searching

580
00:21:47,430 --> 00:21:44,880
for uaps and ufos